Friedrich zernikow



(No Model.)-

P. ZERNIKOW. APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONE- No. 493,141.Patented Mar. 7,1893.

I .zlrazmzzzm/zw THE NORRIS Firms co, Puurourua, WASHINGTON, D1 0.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFET E.

FRIEDRICH ZERNIKOW, OF ODERBERG, GERMANY.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 493,1 41, dated March7, 1893.

Application filed October 10 1891. Serial No. 498,335- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRIEDRICH ZERNIKOW, a subject of the King ofPrussia, residing at Oderberg, Germany, have invented certain new anduseful Improved Apparatus for Manufacturing Artificial Stones; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,which form part of this specification.

This invention has relation to the manufacture of artificial stone andhas for its object the provision of a novel apparatus for the productionof the same.

This invention therefore consists in the construction combination andarrangement of parts as hereinafter described and specifically claimed.

In every application of burnt pulverulent lime in the manufacture ofartificial stone it is necessary to provide means for resisting theexpansion thereof on slaking, ifit be desired to prevent any alterationin the form of the stone to be produced. In particular this is necessaryin the process in which pulverized burnt lime is mixed dry with sand,slag-powder, or other siliceous substances then rammed into the moldsand subjected to the action of high pressure steam, so as to effectuallyslake the lime; during this operation the expanding action of theslaking lime must be effectually resisted, so that the molds may notburst or be bulged outward the lime being thus forced to penetratethoroughly into all the interstices between the granules of sand so asafter hardening to produce perfectlyhard dense coherent mass.

According to the present invention the requisite resistance to theexpansion of the lime is afforded by inclosin g the charged mold in astrong casing the interior of which is subjected to the pressure of highpressure steam,

which, being exerted against the outer surfaces of the molds, willeffectually resist any bulging orbursting action of the lime. When themolded objects to be produced, are not of such large dimensions that asingle mold fills the said casing more or less entirely,such as largecolumns, it is for the sake of economical production desirable, toarrange the molds for the objects, that are most used, such as buildingblocks, slabs, steps, cornices &c., so that they can be packed closelytogether within the casing, in order that the sides that are in contact,may afford each other mutual support against the expanding action, andmay consequently be made less strong than would otherwise be necessary.

It is well known that the circular form is the only one that resists anydeformation by an expanding pressure exerted uniformly in everydirection such as that exercised by the slaking lime. On this principleis constructed the apparatus for carrying out the said operation asshown in the accompanyingdrawings in which Figure 1 shows the elevationof a vertically arranged cylindrical steam chamber A which can be raisedin a vertical position from off the base D by a winch or crane-by meansof the ring B at top. To the lower end is riveted an annular flange O bymeans of which it rests upon the base D to which it may be secured byscrew bolts a a with an intervening packing if necessary for forming asteam tight joint.

The steam chamber is provided with a branch pipe by which it isconnected to a steam generator as also with a water gage and pressuregage. The water condensingin the chamber is led off atthe bottom througha pipe b to a steam trap gfrom which it can be discharged from time totime. The molds containing the material to be treated with steam areplaced within this chamber, such molds being arranged as shown in planand elevation at Figs. 2 and 3.

The size and arrangement of the molds may be variously modified; by wayof example there are here shown four main molds, of which two are sayfifty centimeters wide and twenty centimeters high and the other twoninety centimeters wide and respectively thirty centimeters and twentycentimeters high, while the length is determined by the length of thechamber, which in the present case is supposed to be one hundred andfifty centimeters. All the main molds or boxes are made of galvanized ortinned sheet iron secured by screw bolts at the edges. The principalmolds have to be so made, that, when placed together, they can beembraced by the rings F F Fig. 2. which may be of iron or steel.Assuming that one of the smaller molds be laid down flat,it will presenta cubic capacity ICO of one hundred and fifty centimeters by fiftycentimeters by twenty centimeters to be charged with the compound; ifthis capacity be divided in its width by the two parallel plates runningin the direction of the length, three equal compartments will be formedof one hundred and fifty centimeters length by twenty centimeters highand about sixteen and two-thirds centimeters width. These compartmentsare rammed as tightly as possible with the mixture of caustic lime andsand and are then closed by a cover screwed on. The mold or box thusfilled and closed is now placed on end in the position shown in Fig. 2upon the base D of the steam chamber, the casing I-I having beenremoved, and the other molds are then filled and treated in the samemanner, after which the broad rings F Fig. 2 are placed round them,these being made in halves, which are secured together by flanges andscrew bolts.

As shown in Fig. 2 there remains between the rings and the sides of themolds spaces H, H, which may be filled in with wooden or metal fillingpieces, which serve to transmit the pressure exerted on theinner sidesof the molds to the rings F. After these are fixed on, a strong plateJis placed upon the upper ends of the molds and is secured to the baseD, or to a plate placed thereon, by bolts (Z, (Z, so as tooit'erasupport to the ends of the molds. The casing A, is now placedover the molds through the crevices of the rings F, and of v the moldsto the charges of the latter and will effect the slaking of the limewhich will then harden to a solid mass with the sand, forming artificialstone.

The steam operates both as the agent for slaking the lime and and forexerting pressure against: the outer surfaces of the molds andpreventing the molds from being bulged by the pressure of theircontents.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- In an apparatus forthe production of artificial stone the combination with a closed chambercontaining molds or boxes so placed together that they offer each othermutual support to withstand the bulging strain produced by the expansionof the contents in slaking, of the circular rings F, J, and stay boltsd, d, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this30th day of April, 1891.

FRIEDRICH Z ERNIKOV.

lVitnesses:

GEORGE MITcznNsKI, J EAN GRUND.

